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MUSCLE IMBALANCES
Strabismus occurs when eyes are misaligned and can't fixate both eyes on a single object. One might cross inward, outward, upward, or downward. Untreated a young child will ignore the image of the misaligned eye and will focus on the image of the better eye which eventually causes loss of depth perception.
Educational considerations: In some cases the student may use one eye for distance vision and the other eye for close work. Expect considerable eyestrain, blurring of print, difficulty in physical activities, classroom seating should favor the student's stronger eye.
Amblyopia Usually the underlying cause of amblyopia is strabismus. This is reversible usually if treatment is given at an early age (under 6 years of age). It will affect vision by some field loss, poor depth perception, and possible loss of vision . Adults will complain of double vision. Early intervention (before the age of 6) can eliminate long term results.
Educational considerations: glare reduction on work surfaces, be aware of eye fatigue, poor concentration. Close work is especially fatiguing and frequent, brief rest is needed., classroom seating should favor good eye, physical activities will need more adjustment time to become familiar with distances and heights.
Diplopia is a muscle defect that restricts the ability of the eyes to work together. This is characterized by double vision and dizziness. Student will tend to use one eye.
Educational considerations: Good contrast and glare reduction, more time to adjust to new situations. At times corrective lenses will help. Close work creates eye fatigue, blurring of print, headaches, and poor concentration. Frequent rest periods may be needed for close work.
Nystagmus is characterized by involuntary eye movements causing the inability to maintain fixation. Reduced acuity and fatigue are prevalent. In some cases, students will develop a shifting gaze or head tilt that finds the null point which slows the movement making vision a little easier.
Educational considerations: Spinning activities increase the nystagmus as inner ear disturbances enhance the problem. Close work, and stress, cause fatigue. Varied tasks may help rest the eye-strain. Line markers, rulers or templates may help reader keep place on page. Good lighting and contrast are helpful.
Ptosis is referred to as droopy eyelids. A weakness in the upper lid muscle is the cause. If it is severe enough, it can block vision. A simple surgery can usually correct this. The reduction of the visual field may lead to amblyopia.
Educational considerations: placement and position of materials may affect the efficiency of vision.
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